Systematic review of lipid lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetes
BMJ 2003; 326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7388.528 (Published 08 March 2003) Cite this as: BMJ 2003;326:528Data supplement
- Trials andmeta-analyses included in review
Randomised controlled trials
- Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Multiple risk factor intervention trial: risk factor changes and mortality results. JAMA 1982;248:1465-77.
- Multifactorial trial in the prevention of coronary heart disease. III. Incidence and mortality results. Eur Heart J 1983;4:141-7.
- Wilhelmsen L, Berglund G, Elmfeldt D, Tibblin G, Wedel H, Pennert K, et al. The multifactor primary prevention trial in Goteborg, Sweden. Eur Heart J 1986;7:279-88.
- Lipid Research Clinics Program. The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. I: reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984;251:351-64.
- The treatment of cerebrovascular disease with clofibrate. Final report of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Atherosclerosis, Neurology Section. Stroke 1973;4:684-93.
- Primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease: WHO coordinated cooperative trial. A summary report. Bull World Health Organ 1979;57:801-5.
- Frick M, Elo O, Happa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P, Helo P, et al. Helsinki heart study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1237-45.
- Elkeles R, Diamond J, Poulter C, Dhanjil S, Nicolaides AN, Mahmood S,et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate: the St. Mary’s, Ealing, Northwick Park diabetes cardiovascular disease prevention (SENDCAP) study. Diabetes Care 1998;21:641-8.
- Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetes: the diabetes atherosclerosis intervention study, a randomised study. Lancet 2001;357:905-10.
- Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients. Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter (200 to 300 mg/dl) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:1031-7.
- Keech A, Collins R, MacMahon S, Armitage J, Lawson A, Wallendszus K, et al. Three-year follow-up of the Oxford cholesterol study: assessment of the efficacy and safety of simvastatin in preparation for a large mortality study. Eur Heart J 1994;15:255-69.
- Shepherd J, Cobbe S, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia: West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-7.
- Probstfield J, Margitic S, Byington R, Espeland M, Furberg C. Results of the primary outcome measure and clinical events from the asymptomatic carotid artery progression study. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:47-53C.
- Downs J, Clearfield M, Weis S, Whitney E, Shapiro DR, Beere PA, et al, for the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. Primary prevention of acute coronary event with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. The results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA 1998;279:1615-22.
- Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
Meta-analyses (chronological order)1. Holme I. An analysis of randomized trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol reduction on total mortality and coronary heart disease incidence. Circulation 1990;82:1916-24.
2. Muldoon M, Manuck S, Matthews K. Lowering cholesterol concentrations and mortality: a quantitative review of primary prevention trials. BMJ 1990;301:309-14.
3. Silberberg J, Henry D. The benefits of reducing cholesterol levels: the need to distinguish primary from secondary prevention. Med J Aust 1991;155:665-70.
4. Holme I. Cholesterol reduction in single and multifactor randomized trials: relationship to CHD incidence and total mortality as found by meta analysis of twenty-two trials. Blood Pressure 1992;1(suppl 4):29-34.
5. Smith G, Song F, Sheldon T. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering intial risk. BMJ 1993;306:1367-73.
6. Gould A, Rossouw J, Santanello N, Heyse J, Furberg C. Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: a new look at old data. Circulation 1995;91:2274-82.
7. Holme I. Relationship between total mortality and cholesterol reduction as found by meta-regression analysis of randomized cholesterol-lowering trials. Control Clin Trials 1996;17:13-22.
8. Herbert P, Gaziano J, Chan K, Hennekens C. Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs, risk of stroke, and total mortality. JAMA 1997;2278:313-21.
9. Bucher H, Griffith L, Guyatt G. Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:89-95.
10. Gould A, Rossouw J, Santanello N, Heyse J, Furberg C. Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: impact of statin trials. Circulation 1998;97:946-52.
11. LaRosa J, He J, Vupputuri S. Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1999;282:2340-6.
12. Ross S, Allen I, Connelly J, Korenblat BM, Smith ME, Bishop D, et al. Clinical outcomes in statin treatment trials: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1793-802.
13. Pignone M, Phillips C, Mulrow C. Use of lipid lowering drugs for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ 2000;321:983-6.
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