Paediatrics
BMJ 2001; 322 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7300.1469 (Published 16 June 2001) Cite this as: BMJ 2001;322:1469Data supplement
Stages of smoking acquisition in adolescents ...
Table A Use of tobacco among young people:Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 199934
Country
Ever smoked cigarettes
% (95% CI)
Current cigarette smoker*
% (95% CI)
Desire to stop, among current smokers
% (95% CI)
Barbados 34.7 (28.6 to40.8) 10.8 (6.8 to 14.8) 43.4 ( 28.1 to 58.7) China, Chongqing province 30.1 (26.3 to 33.9) 6.3 (4.8 to 7.8) 72.4 (65.6 to 69.2) Costa Rica 44.4 (41.6 to 47.2) 17.8 (15.7 to 19.9) 57.8 (52.5 to 63.1) Fiji 32.8 (27.2 to 38.4) 10.4 (7.0 13.8) 78.0 (69.7 to 86.3) Jordan 34.3 (30.3 to 38.3) 16.6 (13.7 to 19.5) 40.4 (36.5 to 46.3) Poland, urban 69.8 (66.5 to 73.1) 29.3 (25.4 to 33.2) 74.6 (68.9 to 80.3) Russian Federation, Moscow 67.2 (64.5 to 69.9) 33.4 (30.6 to 36.2) 69.2 (65.5 to 72.9) South Africa 44.2 (38.2 to 50.2) 17.6 (15.1 to 20.1) 69.1 (61.8 to 76.4) Sri Lanka 12.1 (9.2 to 15.0) 4.0 (2.6 to 5.4) 79.0 (65.4 to 92.6) Ukraine, Kiev 73.6 (70.9 to 76.3) 33.9 (30.8 to 37.0) 51.3 (48.2 to 54.4) Venezuela 21.9 (18.7 to 25.1) 7.4 (5.7 to 9.1) 69.8 (59.0 to 80.6) Zimbabwe, Harare 26.5 (19.9 to 32.1) 10.7 (7.3 to 14.1) 66.7 (49.0 to 84.4) *Smoked cigarettes or used other tobacco products on $1 of the 30 days preceding the survey.
Table B Stages of smoking acquisition in adolescents and factors predisposing to transitions from stage to stage. Adapted from Mayhew et al35
Stages of smoking acquisition
Definition Selected factors predisposing to transition to next stage Non-smoking Non-smoker; either does not intend to smoke, or intends to smoke Tolerance for deviance or antisocial behavior Presence of smoking peers
Lack of commitment not to smoke
Marijuana use
Trying Has smoked, but not more than 1-2 cigarettes total Believes that smoking is the norm among peers Presence of smoking parents, family members, or peers
Marijuana use; alcohol use
Low educational achievement
Experimenting Smokes occasionally on an experimental basis; no intention to become permanent smoker Presence of smoking parents, family members, or peers Increasing adolescent age
Smoking onset at young age
Marijuana use
Low educational achievement
Regular smoking Smokes at least 1 day a month, but not as frequently as 1 cigarette a day Parental smoking Depressed and anxious, with smoking peers
Established or daily smoking Smokes daily or almost daily, perhaps heavily on occasion; intensity indicative of dependence Full acquisition: engage adolescent regarding attitudes towards stopping smoking
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